Keratin, what exactly is it?
Keratin is primarily a protein. It is the main component of the hair fiber. To help you visualize this, imagine protein bonds in this way: the finest threads, intertwined many times, mix to form tiny fibrils, microfibrils if you prefer. Know that these are stored to form macrofibrils. Keratins make up the fibrous layer (cortex). They are in the area between the hair pulp and the scale layer (cuticle).
Each hair is made up of nearly 90% specific protein molecules. The rest is made up of elements such as water, pigments, and lipids (natural fats).
An important point to consider: keratin is also found in the fingernails and toenails as well as in the skin, where it provides strength, firmness, and resistance.
What is the function of keratin in hair?
The elasticity and strength of hair depend solely on the intact component of its fiber shaft. Since they are made of keratin, hair proteins play a crucial role and have three main qualities. Indeed, they are strong, elastic, and flexible. Furthermore, hair proteins are insoluble in water. However, they are extremely resistant to external influences.
What degrades hair keratin?
Despite the fact that hair proteins are strong, over time, they can undergo a multitude of attacks from the outside. Small flaws manifest in the keratin. In this way, hair gradually loses its strength and flexibility. Some styling methods optimize this degradation of keratin. First, there are perms. Indeed, reducing agents penetrate the hair and open the cross-links present between the keratin chains. With each use, proteins and lipids are removed from the hair. The hair loses its tensile strength. Then there are colorings and bleaches as well as recurrent styling with a flat iron or curling iron, which also degrade the keratin layer. And let's not forget sunlight. Indeed, over the years, especially when one has long hair, UV rays can impact the hair structure and cause keratin deterioration.
Keratin for hair: what is the effect of care formulas with this element?
Keratin is relevant as a highly qualitative ingredient in the cosmetic industry. That is why it is found in various products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair treatments. The element is in liquid form, to optimize the health of the hair structure and reshape damaged hair. These various products can mitigate flaws in the natural structure of keratin. Thus, the hair surface is more solidified but also much softer and more pleasant to the touch.